Artichoke Extract
(Cynara scolymus)
Artichoke Extract (Cynara scolymus)
What it is:
Leaf extract rich in cynarin, flavonoids, and natural bitters.
Natural occurrence:
Native to North Africa; cultivated across the Mediterranean and Central Europe.
Why it matters:
Encourages bile production for fat digestion, supports liver enzymatic activity, and provides antioxidant polyphenols that help maintain healthy lipid metabolism.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Pre-digests polyphenols into smaller phenolics for improved uptake and faster digestive support.
Astragalus membranaceus
(Root)
Astragalus membranaceus (Root)
What it is:
An adaptogenic TCM root rich in polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids.
Natural occurrence:
Perennial native to China, Mongolia, and Korea.
Why it matters:
Promotes innate and adaptive immune signaling, helps maintain cellular energy (NAD+/ATP pathways), and is studied for effects on telomere maintenance and healthy aging.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Breaks high-molecular-weight polysaccharides into bioactive oligosaccharides that are easier to absorb.
Bitter Melon Extract
(Momordica charantia)
Bitter Melon Extract (Momordica charantia)
What it is:
Fruit extract containing triterpene glycosides, peptides, and micronutrients.
Natural occurrence:
Originates in India and China; grown in Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean.
Why it matters:
Traditionally used for metabolic balance; supports glucose handling, digestive secretions, and oxidative stress reduction via plant antioxidants.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
De-bittering while preserving glycosides; improves gut tolerability and polyphenol bioavailability.
Choline
What it is:
An essential methyl donor and precursor to acetylcholine and phosphatidylcholine.
Natural occurrence:
Eggs, legumes, nuts, seeds, whole grains.
Why it matters:
Supports brain signaling, liver lipid transport, cell membrane integrity, and homocysteine metabolism for cardiovascular balance.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Co-fermented matrices can aid micellar formation, supporting choline transport and utilization.
Chromium
What it is:
Essential trace mineral involved in insulin co-factors.
Natural occurrence:
Whole grains, nuts, legumes, some vegetables and yeasts.
Why it matters:
Supports carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism and helps maintain healthy glucose responses after meals.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Forms organic chromium complexes that are typically more bioavailable than inorganic forms.
Cranberry Extract
What it is:
Concentrated proanthocyanidins (PACs) and vitamin C–rich berry actives.
Natural occurrence:
Native to North America; now cultivated widely.
Why it matters:
PACs help maintain urinary tract cleanliness, while polyphenols support vascular health and antioxidant capacity.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Stabilizes PACs and converts them into absorbable phenolic metabolites.
Folic Acid (Vitamin B9)
What it is:
Water-soluble vitamin central to one-carbon metabolism.
Natural occurrence:
Dark leafy greens, legumes, grains.
Why it matters:
Enables DNA synthesis and repair, supports red and white blood cell formation, and underpins methylation for neurological and cardiovascular health.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Co-fermented B-complex arrays may enhance cofactor synergy and stability.
Ginseng Extract (Panax)
What it is:
Root standardized for ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1, etc.).
Natural occurrence:
East Asia; Korean and Panax varieties prized.
Why it matters:
Supports mental clarity, stress adaptability, circulation, and mitochondrial efficiency via AMPK/NO pathways.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Converts ginsenosides into smaller aglycones that are more readily absorbed.
Glucosamine HCl
What it is:
Amino sugar component of cartilage glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans.
Natural occurrence:
Endogenous; commonly sourced from crustaceans or vegan fermentation.
Why it matters:
Provides raw material for cartilage matrix renewal and helps maintain joint mobility and synovial fluid viscosity.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Co-fermented delivery can pair glucosamine with supportive peptides for joint tissue nutrition.
Glucuronolactone
What it is:
Endogenous metabolite of glucuronic acid.
Natural occurrence:
Produced in connective tissues and plants.
Why it matters:
Participates in phase II detox conjugation, supporting clearance of endogenous by-products and select xenobiotics; complements liver and cellular cleanup pathways.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Synergizes with organic acids and polyphenols generated during fermentation for balanced detox support.
Pomegranate
(Punica granatum)
Pomegranate (Punica granatum)
What it is:
Polyphenol-dense fruit rich in punicalagins, ellagitannins, and anthocyanins.
Natural occurrence:
Cultivated in Mediterranean and subtropical regions.
Why it matters:
Supports vascular tone, endothelial function, and oxidative balance; ellagitannins convert to urolithins, linked to mitochondrial health.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Accelerates conversion toward bioactive phenolic metabolites that are easily utilized.
Raspberry Extract
(Raspberry Ketones)
Raspberry Extract (Raspberry Ketones)
What it is:
Natural aromatic compounds from red raspberries.
Natural occurrence:
Europe and Asia; cultivated globally.
Why it matters:
Used in metabolic-focused formulas; paired with polyphenols to support adiponectin pathways and metabolic balance.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Co-fermentation with fibers and acids may enhance transport and stability.
Hintonia latiflora (Bark)
What it is:
Bark rich in flavonoids and neoflavonoids (e.g., coutareagenin).
Natural occurrence:
Mexico and Central America.
Why it matters:
Traditionally used for metabolic and vascular wellness; supports glycemic balance and microcirculatory integrity.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Releases smaller phenolics with potentially improved absorption.
Hyaluronic Acid (including Vegan Fermented HA)
What it is:
Glycosaminoglycan that binds large amounts of water.
Natural occurrence:
In skin, joints, eyes, and connective tissue.
Why it matters:
Supports skin hydration and elasticity, joint lubrication, and tissue comfort; molecular weight influences function.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Fermentation yields consistent molecular weights and clean profiles ideal for bioavailability.
Ginger Extract
(Zingiber officinale)
Ginger Extract (Zingiber officinale)
What it is:
Rhizome with gingerols, shogaols, and zingerone.
Natural occurrence:
Tropical/subtropical regions; widely cultivated.
Why it matters:
Supports digestive comfort, motion balance, and healthy inflammatory responses; promotes circulatory warmth.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Converts gingerols/shogaols into more soluble forms, supporting rapid uptake.
Silica (from Horsetail, Equisetum arvense)
What it is:
Bioavailable silicon critical for connective tissue architecture.
Natural occurrence:
Plants, especially horsetail; present in water and some foods.
Why it matters:
Supports collagen cross-linking, hair/skin/nails, bone mineral matrix, and elastin resilience.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Organic acid complexation can aid silicon transport and utilization.
Coconut (Cocos nucifera)
What it is:
Nutrient-dense drupe rich in medium-chain fatty acids (lauric, caprylic, capric).
Natural occurrence:
Tropical coastal regions; widely cultivated in Asia.
Why it matters:
Provides clean cellular energy, microbiome balance, and lipid-soluble nutrient transport; lauric acid supports host defense.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Emulsifies lipids into fine micelles with plant acids for better assimilation.
Collagen from
Eggshell Membrane
Collagen from Eggshell Membrane
What it is:
Natural matrix containing types I, V, and X collagen, plus elastin, GAGs, and bioactive peptides.
Natural occurrence:
Inner membrane of eggshells.
Why it matters:
Provides structural peptides that nourish synovial cartilage, support joint comfort, and contribute to skin firmness.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Produces short-chain peptides that are highly bioavailable.
Collagen Hydrolysate
What it is:
Enzymatically pre-digested collagen (small peptides).
Natural occurrence:
Derived from collagen-rich tissues (often bovine/marine).
Why it matters:
Supplies glycine, proline, hydroxyproline for collagen synthesis, supporting tendons, ligaments, joints, and dermal elasticity.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Further reduces peptide size and pairs with co-factors for collagen formation.
Copper (and Copper Sulfate as a Source)
What it is:
Essential trace mineral involved in redox enzymes (e.g., SOD).
Natural occurrence:
Yeasts, nuts, legumes, organ meats; present in plants and animals.
Why it matters:
Supports iron transport, melanin synthesis (hair/skin), connective tissue enzymes (lysyl oxidase), energy production, and neurotransmitter pathways.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Chelates copper with amino acids/peptides for gentle, high-absorption delivery.
Magnesium
What it is:
Macro-mineral cofactor in 300+ enzymatic reactions.
Natural occurrence:
Whole grains, nuts, seeds, leafy greens, mineral waters.
Why it matters:
Central to ATP production, muscle relaxation, nerve signaling, electrolyte balance, sleep quality, and bone matrix.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Forms highly absorbable organic magnesium salts/chelates within the ferment matrix.
Manganese
What it is:
Enzymatic trace cofactor for antioxidant and connective tissue enzymes.
Natural occurrence:
Whole grains, legumes, nuts, teas, greens.
Why it matters:
Cofactor for Mn-SOD, glycosyltransferases (cartilage/bone), and enzymes in carb and amino acid metabolism.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Naturally complexes with organic acids to support gentle absorption.
MSM
(Methylsulfonylmethane)
MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane)
What it is:
Organic sulfur donor.
Natural occurrence:
Low levels in produce, coffee, milk; endogenous sulfur cycles.
Why it matters:
Donates sulfur for collagen and keratin synthesis, supports joint comfort, cellular antioxidant (glutathione) status, and detox enzyme activity.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Co-delivery with cysteine-rich peptides can support glutathione pathways.
Selenium / Sodium Selenate (source)
What it is:
Essential trace element integrated into selenoproteins.
Natural occurrence:
Soil-dependent in plants; Brazil nuts, seafood, eggs.
Why it matters:
Supports thyroid hormone metabolism (deiodinases), antioxidant defense (GPx, TrxR), immune readiness, and hair/nail health.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Encourages formation of selenium-amino acid complexes for efficient use.
Olive Leaf Extract
(Oleuropein)
Olive Leaf Extract (Oleuropein)
What it is:
Leaf extract high in oleuropein and related secoiridoids.
Natural occurrence:
Throughout the Mediterranean.
Why it matters:
Supports immune defenses, antioxidant capacity, and healthy inflammatory balance; contributes to vascular wellness.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Stabilizes sensitive secoiridoids and improves phenolic absorption.
Vegan Hyaluronic Acid
What it is:
Fermentation-derived HA from plant substrates (e.g., corn/yeast).
Natural occurrence:
Produced microbially; free of animal components.
Why it matters:
Optimizes skin moisture, joint lubrication, and tissue glide with consistent molecular weights suited to oral and topical use.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Harmonizes with organic acids and peptides to support transport and hydration dynamics.
Vitamin A (Retinoids/Carotenoids)
What it is:
Fat-soluble group (retinol, retinal, retinyl esters; provitamin A carotenoids).
Natural occurrence:
Liver, eggs, dairy; carrots, pumpkin, leafy greens (as carotenoids).
Why it matters:
Fundamental for vision (rhodopsin), epithelial integrity (skin/mucosa), immune signaling, and iron metabolism.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Plant carotenoids co-delivered with lipid micelles for improved conversion and uptake.
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
What it is:
Coenzyme (TPP) for energy metabolism.
Natural occurrence:
Whole grains, legumes, seeds, meats.
Why it matters:
Drives carbohydrate utilization, nerve conduction, and neurotransmitter production supporting mood and mental clarity.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Ferment matrix may protect thiamine and improve cofactor synergy.
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
What it is:
Water-soluble vitamin involved in methylation and myelin.
Natural occurrence:
Animal foods; often supplemented in plant-forward diets.
Why it matters:
Supports red blood cell formation, homocysteine regulation, neurologic function, and DNA synthesis.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Co-formulation with methyl donors and organic acids may aid absorption dynamics.
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
What it is:
Precursor to FAD/FMN for redox enzymes.
Natural occurrence:
Dairy, eggs, whole grains, fish.
Why it matters:
Central to mitochondrial energy, antioxidant recycling (glutathione), skin/eye maintenance, and iron utilization.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Stabilized within redox-active ferment matrices for steady availability.
Vitamin B3 (Niacin / Nicotinamide)
What it is:
Precursor to NAD+/NADP+.
Natural occurrence:
Poultry, fish, meats; synthesized from tryptophan.
Why it matters:
Powers cellular respiration, lipid metabolism, DNA repair, and neurotransmission.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Co-delivery with polyphenols may support NAD+ economy.
Vitamin B5
(Pantothenic Acid)
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
What it is:
Building block of Coenzyme A.
Natural occurrence:
Avocado, legumes, eggs, whole grains.
Why it matters:
Crucial for fatty acid synthesis/oxidation, steroid hormone and vitamin D metabolism, and energy production.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Fermented environment helps preserve coenzyme precursors.
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine group)
What it is:
Coenzyme (PLP) for amino acid metabolism.
Natural occurrence:
Whole grains, legumes, potatoes, fish, poultry.
Why it matters:
Essential for neurotransmitters, hemoglobin synthesis, glycogenolysis, and hormonal balance.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Co-fermented B-complex may enhance inter-vitamin synergy.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
What it is:
Water-soluble antioxidant and enzyme cofactor.
Natural occurrence:
Citrus, berries, rosehip, sea buckthorn, camu camu, acerola.
Why it matters:
Required for collagen formation (skin, cartilage, vessels), supports immune function, iron absorption, and redox balance.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Protected within polyphenol-rich matrices that can improve stability and uptake.
Vitamin D3
(Cholecalciferol)
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)
What it is:
Fat-soluble pro-hormone made in skin via UVB; dietary sources supplement status.
Natural occurrence:
Oily fish, egg yolks, certain mushrooms (D2).
Why it matters:
Regulates calcium/phosphorus metabolism, supports bone and muscle, immune readiness, and neurologic signaling.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Lipid co-delivery and micellization within ferments can improve oral absorption.
Vitamin E (Tocopherols/Tocotrienols)
What it is:
Fat-soluble membrane antioxidant family.
Natural occurrence:
Wheat germ, sunflower, safflower, olive oils; nuts and seeds.
Why it matters:
Protects polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes, supports immune and cardiometabolic balance.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Polyphenol co-presence supports antioxidant network recycling.
Biotin (Vitamin B7/Vitamin H)
What it is:
Coenzyme for carboxylases.
Natural occurrence:
Eggs, legumes, oats, nuts, mushrooms.
Why it matters:
Key to fatty acid synthesis, amino acid catabolism, glucose metabolism, and helps maintain hair/skin/nails and mucosal integrity.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Stable presentation within protein/peptide matrices may support steady availability.
Cinnamon Extract
(Cinnamomum verum)
Cinnamon Extract (Cinnamomum verum)
What it is:
Bark extract with cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and tannins.
Natural occurrence:
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and tropical regions.
Why it matters:
Traditionally supports digestive comfort, carbohydrate handling, and microbial balance; provides aromatic polyphenols.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Tannin-rich ferments can improve phenolic solubility and palatability.
Zinc
What it is:
Essential trace element involved in 300+ enzymes and zinc-finger proteins.
Natural occurrence:
Red meat, shellfish, cheese, nuts, whole grains.
Why it matters:
Supports cell division, protein/DNA synthesis, hormone and skin health, vision, and immune function; critical during growth and repair.
Cascade Fermentation Advantage:
Forms zinc-amino acid chelates that are typically gentle and highly absorbable.